Photograph by J. Kauahikaua on September 10, 2000
Pahoehoe toe advances over an ancient Hawaiian foot path at the base of the Pulama pali. At this location, the footpath is built atop an `a`a flow that geologists estimate was erupted at least 1,500 years ago.

Photograph by J. Kauahikaua on September 10, 2000
Sluggish lava flow spreads from the base of the Pulama pali (background), burning vegetation sandwiched between flows emplaced in 1985 and 1992. As new lava continued to feed the leading edge of flow, the trailing surface inflated by several meters.